Reusable bottles are convenient, but they can be a breeding ground for bacteria. While tap water is usually safe, storing it at room temperature encourages bacteria to grow. Bacteria in a bottle can grow from 75,000 to over 1-2 million per cubic centimeter in a day.
The main source of contamination is the user. Bacteria are transferred from the mouth, hands, and environment, and poor hygiene can lead to the presence of pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Sharing bottles also increases the risk of transmitting viruses such as norovirus. People carry 500-600 different types of bacteria in their mouths, some of which may be harmless to their bodies but dangerous to others. Finally, the accumulation of bacteria is enhanced when the bottle contains beverages other than water. Sugary or protein-rich drinks create ideal conditions for the growth of both harmful microorganisms and mold.
How can these bacteria affect human health?
Some microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, can cause gastrointestinal disorders when consumed through contaminated water. Although many strains of E. coli belong to the gut microbiota, some become harmful to humans. Particular attention is needed by people with weakened immune systems, as they are more susceptible to infections. In addition, in the case of severe food poisoning, long-term changes in the gut microbiota may occur, while the growth of mold or fungi may aggravate allergies.
What is the correct way to clean bottles?
To effectively disinfect our bottles, some simple strategies are suggested:
- Cleaning: use hot water (over 60 degrees) and washing-up liquid, shaking the bottle and leaving it for 10 minutes before rinsing it thoroughly
- Drying: let the bottle air out to avoid the build-up of bacteria
- Frequency: it is recommended to clean the bottle after each use or at least several times a week
- Odors: if you notice that odors are emerging from the bottle, it is time to throw it away
- Disinfection: don’t forget to wash your hands before touching your -now clean- bottle.
What type of water bottle should you avoid?
Although some studies show that plastic bottles may collect more bacteria than metal ones, the determining factor is proper hygiene. The safest bottle is one that is easy and thorough to clean, including every part from the cap to the straw.
In general, of course, stainless steel bottles are preferred, because plastics usually contain additional chemicals that give them their advantages, such as flexibility and durability. Chemicals that can, however, leak into our water.
In particular, some of them, such as BPA, have been linked to hormonal disruptions and an increased risk of chronic diseases. It does not matter whether the plastic is disposable or reusable. In both cases, microplastics can be released into the water – which is why choosing glass or stainless steel bottles is considered safer.
