The concept of “hybrid war” did not take root immediately, as there were and remain several ardent supporters, but also opponents of such a military conflict. He eventually won the right to be included in the list of the three groups of military conflicts adopted by the US Armed Forces, which were:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. Transnational conflicts<\/p> 2. Hybrid Military conflicts<\/p> 3. Conflicts involving non-state armed groups<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n The statement after the NATO summit on 11-12 July 2018 in Brussels developed the assessment of the hybrid war as a new phenomenon that threatens the security of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Some specially created NATO and EU Centers of Excellence are engaged in the study of hybrid warfare strategies against Russia and its allies, the development of new technologies for cognitive warfare, “color revolutions” and cyber warfare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It must be said that the term “hybrid war” has taken on an extremely negative politicized connotation through the efforts of state propaganda machines. The hybrid war operations are immoral, illegal, insidious, treacherous and the main ones “instigated”, coming from countries such as Russia, China, Iran and some other countries that are not allies of the US and NATO. The former head of the GRU, General Colonel F.I. Ladygin, some other authoritative Russian scientists focused on hybrid warfare and its tactics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n But it is done mainly by non-military means, without the occupation of the defeated country, the destruction of its infrastructure and the mass death of the population. Information and psychological technologies of cognitive warfare make it possible to achieve the transfer of the country under external control with a minimum level of military violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The winner is the state or the coalition that managed to impose on the enemy its own vision of the image of the world, values, interests and the understanding of the “fair” distribution of resources that correspond to their worldview. The main weapon of the “classic” war is the army and (or) the irregular armed and paramilitary formations capable of conducting continuous and systematic military operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In a hybrid war, together with the dosing use of the means and methods of armed struggle, which constitute the specific content of each war, according to a single plan, economic, diplomatic, scientific, technical, informational, ideological, psychological means and methods of violence are used. and imposing our will on the enemy, aiming at weakening its capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n However, it is military violence, ie the use of technical means (weapons) to physically suppress the enemy, submission to his will, is the essence of war in the strict sense of the word, is its defining characteristic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Speaking at the military scientific conference of the Academy of Military Sciences on March 24, 2018, the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Army General V.V. Gerasimov outlined the outlines of a possible future war. He said that every military conflict has its own special characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The main features of future wars will be the widespread use of new high-precision weapons and other types, including the use of lasers, space and robotic technologies with a special role in dealing with communication, reconnaissance and navigation systems. In addition to the traditional spheres of armed struggle, the sphere and the space of information will be actively involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thus, the central axis of war is the armed struggle, and everything else groups around it and forms a complex hybrid system, in which confrontation develops in various areas of human activity: socio-economic, administrative-political and cultural-ideological.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The uncertainty of the development processes of the hybrid conflict, the “fog of hybrid war”, determines the fragility of the contours of modern conflicts, requires new approaches to the development and implementation of strategies for hybrid military conflicts and the development of counter-strategic plans. intentions of the enemy. The strategy incorporates the results of change analysis and turns them into concrete practical steps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The famous military theoretical Chief of General Staff of Prussia Helmut von Moltke (Sr.) noted:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n “Strategy is more than just science. It is the transfer of knowledge to practical life, the further development of the initial guiding thinking according to the constantly changing conditions. Strategy is the art of acting under the most difficult conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “The list of factors that determine the evolution of military affairs has changed over the centuries. Today, the processes of globalization and the information and communication revolution that are shaping new mechanisms of interaction and interdependence in the global and regional climate have a deeper and more comprehensive influence on the development of strategies for modern military conflicts, changing their nature and content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Covering the world economy, politics, military affairs, communications, sports, science and culture, these highly contradictory and dynamic processes affect all the most important sectors of modern society. Hybrid warfare is seen as a new type of transnational confrontation based on the use of a combination of conventional, irregular and asymmetric means combined with the constant manipulation of political and ideological conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hybrid war strategies and counter-strategies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The development and implementation of a hybrid war strategy involves the following stages: <\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.<\/strong> The first is a clear statement of the meaning and purpose of the war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.<\/strong> The second is the formation of “gray zones”, hybrid war theaters as an intermediate environment between black and white, war and peace, an environment of latent confrontation between state and non-state formations, which are on the verge of an international armed conflict, and today able to cross such a line. An example of a “gray zone” is Ukraine, the Baltic states, some republics of the Caucasus and Central Asia, the Balkans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3.<\/strong> The third is to expose the weaknesses and vulnerabilities in the areas of ensuring the internal and external security of the enemy country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.<\/strong> Fourth is the formation of a complex of hybrid threats, taking into account local peculiarities, to influence the object of aggression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.<\/strong> Fifth is the Strategic Planning based on a specific description of the national forces and instruments designed to influence the enemy’s bottlenecks and vulnerabilities in the political-administrative, economic-economic and cultural-ideological field, as well as an analysis of the expected its resistance (possibly resistance strategy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6.<\/strong> The sixth is a continuing catastrophic impact on the key spheres of government of the victim country with an emphasis on the most critical factors that ensure the military security of the state (economy, finances, military morale and population).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7.<\/strong> Seventh is the development of undeclared hostilities, in which the attacking country attacks state structures and the regular army of the enemy with the help of local guerrillas and separatists, backed by weapons and financial means from abroad. An important place is given to the actions of the “fifth phalanx”, which acquire an extremist character, which are used to launch embolization attacks on the authorities during one or more “color revolutions”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8.<\/strong> Eighth is the promotion of ultimatums – requirements for the full surrender of the victim state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Russia’s fears<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The development and implementation of hybrid warfare strategies by the United States and NATO, their testing in a number of conflicts in various parts of the world, pose an immediate threat to Russia’s national security. In the United States, at NATO headquarters and research centers, not only are the corresponding concepts being developed, the necessary forces and means being created, but large-scale hybrid warfare operations are being conducted, efforts are being made to influence the internal opposition of some its extremist parts at the right time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The hybrid war, waged in Russia by its geopolitical rivals, has in fact become a means of transnational confrontation, and the scale of operations and the catastrophic effects on all vital spheres of the state make it possible to use the threat of business escalation to destabilize. Psychological information operations aim at the collapse and fragmentation of the country, undermining the ability to resist, discredit leaders and divide the ranks of allies and partners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In a hybrid war, the open use of force often changes only at the end of the conflict, using for this purpose the existing legal and regulatory framework for peacekeeping and crisis management operations. First, there is the tendency to move from a linear to a non-linear model of war, based on the use of indirect asymmetric actions, which allows, due to very limited impact, to achieve significant, often strategic, results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Second, the systemic elements that define the content of the very philosophy of war as a humanitarian component of the doctrine of war are changing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The hybrid war strategy aims to exhaust the victim country and includes a wide range of actions, including the use of military and irregular formations simultaneously as part of a single plan to wreak havoc on the economy, the army, and security. along with the use of cyber attacks. The attacking state secretly, without a formal declaration of war, attacks the structures of government, the economy, the information and cultural-ideological sphere, the forces of law and order and the regular army of the target country. Then, at a certain stage, the hostilities unfold with the participation of local guerrillas, mercenaries, private military companies backed by personnel, weapons and finances from abroad and certain internal structures: oligarchs, criminals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In hybrid warfare, the role of deterring the enemy is greatly enhanced through the use of cyber weapons capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In conventional wars, in the Cold War of the 20th century, deterrence was understood as the threat of use of force in response to the use of force by an adversary. “Prevention means a willingness to respond violently to violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n One of the tasks of restraint is to prevent not only a major war, but also a relatively local war, in order to prevent this war from escalating into a mutually destructive war with weapons of mass destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “The enormous catastrophic consequences of the use of cyber weapons in the hybrid war make it possible today to compare the scale of its impact on the country’s armed forces, industry, transport and population with the effects of the use of nuclear weapons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thus, the transformation of the modern conflicts associated with the use of new technologies, the involvement of political and military elements in the war, leads to qualitative differences between the strategies of the “new wars” from the previous ones. It is important to understand the essence of the changes and to use the new knowledge in the interest of strengthening Russia’s national security.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In 2005, Gen. James Mattis, the U.S. Secretary of Defense in the Trump administration, and Lt. Col. F. Hoffman published an article that proved…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2362,2845,7],"tags":[3229,2064,2511,1976],"class_list":["post-7290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-military-science","category-military-strategy-doctrines","category-research","tag-conventional-wr","tag-hybrid-war","tag-strategy","tag-war"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7290"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7290\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7297,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7290\/revisions\/7297"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image-2.png\")
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In addition, the hybrid war against the Russian Federation and its allies has taken on quite specific outlines today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This is an important factor that requires a qualitative modification of the indicators that determine the new generation of military conflicts and their strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image-5.png\")
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