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In 2010, South Africa joined the group, transforming BRIC into BRICS and extending the group\u2019s reach to the mineral-rich shores of Africa. By 2025, BRICS had evolved into BRICS+, a powerful trading confederation with eleven full members \u2014 Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Iran \u2014 controlling vast reserves of commodities and strategic goods, along with the markets and labor force to process and consume them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Further expanding its reach, the bloc introduced a new category of \u201cpartner countries\u201d on January 1, 2025, bringing Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Thailand, Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Nigeria into its sphere of influence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Although not full members, these partners now participate in BRICS+ summits and ministerial meetings, and can endorse the bloc\u2019s statements, thereby deepening their integration into its expanding sphere of economic and political influence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Together, these nations now control about 40% of global output in purchasing power parity terms, according to IMF data (April 2025) \u2014 surpassing the economic power of the old developed markets in key areas of trade and production. By the end of the year, their share is expected to rise to 41%, leaving behind the\u2026 meager 28% of the G7 group.<\/p>\n\n\n
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The flow of gold, commodities and trade is no longer directed to the aging imperialist ports of the West, but to a rising consortium of resource-rich, market-hardened economies intent on securing global wealth under their own flags.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In population terms, the BRICS represent over 40% of humanity \u2014 a figure that jumps to an estimated 55.6% when the partner states, known as BRICS+, are included. This vast pool of labor, consumers and \u201ctrade war soldiers\u201d forms the backbone of the bloc\u2019s expanding economic power, ensuring that markets grow not only through trade, but also thanks to the demographic power that has always supported the great trading empires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Decline of the West<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Anyone who has read a little history knows that the US and the West have not always had the upper hand in the global economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The \u201ccrown\u201d has passed through more hands than a cheap bottle of wine: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia, Greece, Rome, China, the Caliphates, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain\u2026 all took their turn on stage before retreating. Now the BRICS+ \u2014 Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa \u2014 are preparing for their moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n And if history teaches us anything, it\u2019s that someone is always preparing to sit in the driver\u2019s seat and someone else is out. When the great powers start to fear the future, the scenario rarely changes \u2014 stagnation, misery and decline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ming China once believed it had achieved eternal perfection: it banned sea travel, scorned foreign trade, and replaced science with Confucian formalism. At the same time, Europe was stumbling across the New World and inventing commercial empires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fast forward to today, America seems to be \u201ctesting\u201d for a re-release of the Ming \u2014 unable to finance its own infrastructure, allergic to global trade, and comfortable with the idea that being \u201cnumber one\u201d in the last century guarantees the same in the present. History shows otherwise.<\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Americans spent decades riding a 2% \u201cgrowth bubble\u201d \u2014 enough to quadruple living standards in a generation, but so slow that every five years feels like watching paint dry, interrupted only by random disasters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lose your job, the value of your home, or a government contract, and years of \u201cprogress\u201d disappear. No wonder change feels threatening. In the United States, new technology means layoffs \u2014 encyclopedia salesmen, automakers, telephone giants, stockbrokers \u2014 one innovation at a time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In modern China, the opposite is true: technology has been a golden escalator, moving almost everyone up so quickly that losing a job often means simply finding a better one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The result? Americans see change as a wrecking ball; the Chinese see it as a construction crane.<\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Geopolitical weapons tariffs and the economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n On August 7, Donald Trump waved his magic wand of tariffs again, proving that tariffs are no longer just economic tools \u2014 but geopolitical weapons aimed at the BRICS and anyone who dares to say \u201cno thanks.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Apparently, the favorite pastime of the Washington swamp remains spreading chaos under the guise of a Malthusian depopulation agenda, while simultaneously bombarding the planet with new tariffs. As of midnight on August 8, the earth braced itself for a global minimum tariff of 10% on imports. The tariff on Canada was raised from 25% to 35%, Switzerland was hit harder, at 39%, provoking diplomatic backlash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Meanwhile, 40 countries were slapped with a 15% hit, more than a dozen economies saw even steeper increases, and China and Mexico were given a 90-day \u201csuspension of execution.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Comply or be kicked out<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The rise of BRICS+ was almost \u201cpredestined\u201d by the Biden administration\u2019s decision to kick Russia out of the SWIFT system \u2014 a clear message that the US is acting as the global financial dictator: comply or be kicked out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The threat of the same fate for China if it helped Russia only accelerated the birth of BRICS as a geopolitical counterargument. The plan to bankrupt Russia through sanctions backfired spectacularly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n China unloaded American debt, and the Global South got the message \u2014 American financial hegemony is not just being exercised, it is being weaponized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Meanwhile, Europe, the US, and allies kicked several Russian banks out of SWIFT in early 2022 \u2014 except for Gazprombank, because Europe still needed Russian gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The effort to isolate Russia only fueled a new economic bloc determined to break the stranglehold of the dollar \u2014 and rewrite the rules of the world order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As holding dollar assets suddenly became a geopolitical headache, it\u2019s no wonder that the BRICS countries began dumping US bonds faster than you can say \u201cunreliable trading partner.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n The dollar\u2019s \u200b\u200b\u201crival\u201d in BRICS+ foreign exchange reserves is essentially a \u201cbasket\u201d of other developed-market currencies, which together account for 35% of the pie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A key obstacle? BRICS+ countries hold just 6% of global external debt, compared to the US\u2019s hefty 21%, making it difficult for their currencies to become truly global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n On the trade front, BRICS+ handle about 20%\u201321% of global trade \u2014 around $10 trillion annually \u2014 but growth has stalled since the financial crisis due to China\u2019s slowdown and falling oil prices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n But the bloc\u2019s members are expanding their ties with each other, with intra-BRICS trade rising from 22% in 2008 to 28% today, and emerging markets trading with them even more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The real star is the fuel trade, which has doubled the BRICS+ share to 37%, making energy the main area for the dedollarization of global trade. With non-OECD oil demand now accounting for 55% of the global total, \u201cwho pays in what currency\u201d matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n While hard statistics are lacking, anecdotal reports suggest that renminbi, UAE dirham and rupee are widely used in energy deals. India now pays Russia in rubles and rupees. The Chinese yuan is the real heavyweight here \u2014 Russian foreign trade now prefers it over the dollar, thanks to the Bank of Russia hoarding yuan, which already makes up 22% of its foreign exchange reserves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The m-Bridge trading system<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n When the BRICS talk about abandoning the dollar, the m-Bridge project often comes up \u2014 a sophisticated digital money \u201croad\u201d led by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and the central banks of China, Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates, and Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It uses CBDCs (central bank digital currencies) to make large cross-border payments faster, cheaper, and seamless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bypassing the traditional banking network \u2014 which often routes payments through the dollar and the labyrinth of US banks\u2019 SWIFT \u2014 m-Bridge is trying to reduce reliance on the dollar in global trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The technology works, but will it get all the banks and regulators to agree and cooperate? That\u2019s the real challenge. After three years, they\u2019ve only just released a basic version.<\/p>\n\n\n\n So yes, m-Bridge could one day challenge the dollar\u2019s \u200b\u200bthrone \u2014 the revolution is brewing, but it\u2019s moving slowly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n So yes, a single BRICS currency will emerge soon.<\/p>\n\n\n The Chinese Dragon\u2019s Path<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Instead of pushing for a BRICS currency or simply adopting the yuan as the new reserve currency, China\u2019s leaders, who understand the headache of owning the world\u2019s reserve currency, are quietly guiding the people and government away from the dollar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Citizens are encouraged to buy gold, while the state builds a parallel system of trade and finance that completely bypasses the dollar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The plan? Two separate paths that converge: a domestic savings base backed by gold meets an external trading engine backed by the yuan, creating a new, stable financial medium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Unlike the United States, China is aligning its goals with the interests of its people. It is promoting the yuan for trade with countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative, while promoting gold savings at home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Internationally, gold acts as collateral for partners that accept the yuan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The combination of gold and yuan forms a bridge between national ambitions and global trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The BRICS countries are being encouraged to move towards a yuan-based monetary system: sell raw materials, pay in yuan, and then buy finished goods from China \u2014 closing the loop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If the plan succeeds, China will issue yuan-denominated bonds to foreigners, paying interest linked to the value of gold as a hedge against currency depreciation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bretton Woods II, the Beijing Consensus, and the Gold Standard<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Let\u2019s think about Bretton Woods II: the world on the gold-backed dollar standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bretton Woods 3 is about the BRICS adopting the gold-backed yuan standard. It\u2019s essentially a reboot of what the US did after World War II \u2014 building economies and influence, tying the world to a currency that was backed by gold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n But what is China\u2019s modification?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n It will probably be voluntary \u2014 but let\u2019s not kid ourselves, the pressure is real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Build your industry, and China becomes your partner: infrastructure, goods, investment, the whole package.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ignore it, and you remain dependent, just as the US rebuilt Germany and Japan after World War II \u2014 but now China is the one financing and caring.<\/p>\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n China is playing the long game at home, too<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n It\u2019s allowing citizens to buy gold, offering gold-linked savings accounts and promoting gold-backed investment products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Next step? Gold-backed bonds.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n The goal: <\/em>to build trust in the financial system \u2014 and reward that trust with substantial returns. As long as the U.S. is seen as a threat and the Chinese government makes no mistakes, trust will continue to grow. Internationally, China is opening its bond market to foreign holders of yuan, with returns tied to gold to hedge against currency risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The cycle is simple: <\/em>sell resources for yuan, rely on gold as a safety net, invest in Chinese bonds, buy Chinese goods. Sound familiar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n It\u2019s essentially the new Marshall Plan 2.0 after the end of World War II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n China is also smart about keeping highly profitable industries at home, selling finished goods abroad, and controlling the transfer of value in the supply chain \u2014 not just raw materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gold is the glue: it reassures other countries, keeps people loyal at home, and steady the ship as the dollar declines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ultimately, the plan is to move from gold to the yuan once the yuan gains enough confidence \u2014 and perhaps abandon gold when the time is right. Remember, China invented abstract paper money and had markets before capitalism even existed \u2014 it\u2019s not playing dumb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This is not some secret plan \u2014 history repeats itself. Big changes in the financial system follow wars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Today\u2019s battleground? Trade deals, savings, and bonds. The plan is underway. The BRICS didn\u2019t exactly wait for Donald Trump to throw additional tariffs like confetti before they started to reduce their love for US bonds. No, they started ignoring Uncle Sam\u2019s trade as early as 2018, during the first act of Trump\u2019s first term. They probably saw the \u201ctariff magic\u201d coming and decided to disappear early!<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n For all the Western \u201cChina experts\u201d who have never set foot there and are writing from their cozy Texas offices: stop obsessing over China\u2019s real estate crisis as if it were the apocalypse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Unlike the US, Chinese companies rely on bank loans \u2014 not volatile stock markets \u2014 for growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Since 2019, Beijing has shifted financing from real estate to high-tech industries like EVs, AI, and mechanical equipment, creating global players like BYD, Huawei, and Zoomlion that are crushing Western competitors on price and quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Meanwhile, the \u201creal estate crisis\u201d that supposedly dooms China?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Beijing isn\u2019t batting an eye \u2014 the Chinese have homes, the banks are state-controlled, and the government is preparing for an industrial Blitzkrieg. The Western world, by contrast, is still waiting for the Germans to cross the Maginot Line, to forget the\u2026 follies of the “green deal,” while China is advancing at a rapid pace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Russia-China-India Axis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Despite their lack of centralized power, the BRICS+ undoubtedly rely on the rise of the Russia-China-India triple axis \u2014 combining Russia’s vast, cheap natural resources, China’s advanced manufacturing know-how, and India’s growing, hungry consumer market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Together, they form a mercantilist superpower that is reshaping the global economic game. In the first half of 2025, China’s exports tell a story: the Global South is now the hottest market, while the West is left out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ASEAN leads with $322.5 billion in imports, Africa\u2019s exports increased by $21.4 billion, India\u2019s buying power increased by $14 billion, and Latin America kept pace with $7.3 billion more. Meanwhile, the US and Western Europe look\u2026 in decline<\/p>\n\n\n\n China is clearly hedging its bets, filtering out less demanding partners in the Global South to avoid the West\u2019s tantrums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Smart geopolitical move \u2014 less drama, more diverse shopping baskets. It seems the future of Chinese exports is not Wall Street, but Main Street\u2026 somewhere near the equator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n While reducing trade with the US and even Europe, the BRICS+ countries are getting closer to each other and increasing trade with each other. Take India\u2019s love affair with Russian oil: imports have skyrocketed from 68,000 barrels per day before the use of the dollar as a weapon to over 2 million \u2014 why pay full price when you can get a discount?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nearly 40% of India\u2019s crude now comes from Russia, $10\u201320 cheaper per barrel than Middle Eastern oil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Meanwhile, US-India trade is $118 billion, with a $45 billion deficit for the US \u2014 so yes, bring on the tariffs and job threats, but India is still smiling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n China is still consuming Russian oil, and other Asian exporters can\u2019t fill the gap. Sanctions by the G7 and the EU may have shifted oil flows, but they have not affected global supply or demand, especially not in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A popular narrative among Western warmongers is that India imports Russian oil only to refine it and export petroleum products. The facts say otherwise: India\u2019s petroleum product exports today are about the same as they were in 2019 \u2014 long before Russia launched its invasion of Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Another myth is that only private Indian companies import Russian crude. No \u2014 both private and state-owned refineries have been loading Russian oil since the invasion of Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Reliance Industries (RIL) accounts for about 1\/3 of imports, IOC 16%, BPCL 12%, ONGC 8% and its subsidiary HPCL 5%, while Nayara and HMEL add 15% and 10% respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Another example of BRICS mercantilism is the restructuring of the coffee supply chain between China and Brazil, following Donald Trump\u2019s tariffs. After imposing 50% tariffs on Brazil\u2019s major exports, China is rushing to support Brazil\u2019s coffee industry, granting licenses to 183 new companies for five years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n President Lula calls on his BRICS friends \u2014 Xi Jinping, Modi, and Putin. Foreign Minister Wang Yi denounces the US tariffs as bullying, a violation of UN and World Trade rules, and has pledged cooperation with allies in the Global South.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Return to the Land<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n In modern times, the US has tried to contain China to its island chains, but the dragon digs the land. With the Belt and Road Initiative, China is building railways, pouring concrete, and laying fiber optics, creating a web of influence that reaches from the heart of China to its distant shores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n After Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the West went all-in on sanctions: no dollars, no euros, no SWIFT, no tank parts, no chips, no champagne at Davos. Russia responded: focus on land instead of sea, using its rivers \u2014 Volga, Don, Ob, Lena \u2014 connecting them with ports, roads, and railways to create a Eurasian trade artery that bypasses the Western seas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n When the river meets the mountain, they both find their way: China brings wealth and vision, Russia brings land and resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Together they weave roads, railways and rivers into a web that the seas cannot touch, forming a trade beyond shipping and sanctions. Simply put, the BRICS+ are doing what economic theory teaches: exploiting their comparative advantages and trading smartly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Gold Rush<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Since 2022, they have been buying gold, now owning over 20% of the world\u2019s gold. The second quarter of 2025 shows a 41% increase in gold purchases as they move away from the dollar and pursue financial freedom. Russia and China hold almost three-quarters of BRICS reserves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n With more than 10 new members in 2025, the BRICS are turning the global economic game into a multipolar one. Even India is getting in on the act, adding 19.2 tons last year \u2014 when money loses its value, the shiny metal is a safe bet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gold reserves in troy ounces in Russia (blue), China (red), India (yellow), Brazil (green), South Africa (purple).<\/p>\n\n\n\n The BRICS and their new members are piling up gold while moving away from U.S. Treasuries, and few in the West realize that they are also sitting on some of the largest gold deposits on the planet \u2014 top gold producers, too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n From a geopolitical perspective, China is making it clear: Russia will not lose, because then it may be their turn. The only defense against the steely Neocons is a united front \u2014 Russia, China, India and others against the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n India and China once dominated global financial markets, while Europe lost its primacy after two world wars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lessons from the Bankruptcy of the French Empire<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n War is the quickest way to bankrupt an empire, and the history of France is a textbook example. Donald Trump seems poised to repeat this cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n History shows that war and debt are inseparable, and empires always pay the price.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As the world marches toward World War III, history gives a clear warning: war triggers<\/p>\n\n\n\n Decades of wasteful spending and currency distortion have brought the West to the brink of collapse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Donald Trump\u2019s Big Beautiful Bill is just another episode in a series of increasing public spending and denying reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bond markets \u2014 not stocks \u2014 are sounding the alarm: rising yields, synchronized selling, and shadowy buyers reveal a system that is losing trust. In the background, the US is already quietly bankrupting itself through inflation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yet many still worship supposedly \u201crisk-free\u201d U.S. Treasuries, ignoring that since 1971, the bonds have fueled a $300 trillion debt monster while all the gold in the world is worth only $22 trillion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The real question: do you trust the paper promises of politicians or centuries of real value?<\/p>\n\n\n\n At the end of the day, empires tend to commit suicide in three acts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Classic economic tragedy, same script, different cast, and we\u2019ve just entered phase 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In this context, the path to real prosperity remains paved with intangible assets, not fragile IOUs or digital tokens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Physical gold and silver are the ultimate hedges against intense uncertainty. Beyond precious metals, commodities protect against the collapse of the global supply chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Let us never forget:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Beyond the fading glory of the G7 and G20 \u2014 groups of states formed in the aftermath of World War II and now mired…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28486,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,961],"tags":[1053,7306,161,239,242,380,58,2405,2530,70],"class_list":["post-25788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economic","category-financial-economics","tag-bonds","tag-bretton-woods-iii","tag-china","tag-dollar","tag-gold","tag-public-debt","tag-russia","tag-sanctions","tag-trade","tag-usa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25788"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25788\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25801,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25788\/revisions\/25801"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.liberalglobe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-166.png\")
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